Molecular phylogenetic position of Minamitalitrus zoltani elucidates a further troglobisation pattern in cave-dwelling terrestrial amphipods (Crustacea: Talitridae)

Talitrids is a very diverse group of amphipod crustaceans that have been colonized by a variety of terrestrial habitats. Three genera have been successfully adapted to cave habitats on islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. However, the evolutionary origin of the Pacific talitrids troglobitic remain unknown. We estimate the phylogenetic position of Minamitalitrus zoltani troglobitic, which inhabits limestone cave in Minamidaito Island in the Northwestern Pacific, on the basis of the traditional multi-locus datasets. For talitrids analyzed, we also reconstruct the ancestral homeland of palp maxilliped and gnathopod male 2.

Our results show that Minamitalitrus zoltani is sister to curvatus Nipponorchestia epigean with profound differences. Nipponorchestia curvatus inhabit coastal habitats in Japan, but it is not customary for Minamidaito Island. Previous research estimates that the Atlantic troglobitic species have invaded the underground habitat several times, but we provide new insights into the history troglobisation in talitrids. We also recover secondary shift state palp character maxilliped and men gnathopod 2 in the lineage consists of Minamitalitrus and genera phylogenetically closely.

Our findings highlight the need for reclassification genus-the genus level; Nipponorchestia we split into two genera, establish a new genus for Nipponorchestia nudiramus. A phylogenetic analysis of genera of strongyloid Cloacininae sub-family of marsupials macropodoid in Australasia is based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis continued (+ ITS) first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. Both approaches are provided robust phylogeny, but the similarities between the two methods in terms of generic grouping suggests that needed substantial revision of the classification phenetic this time, with some morphological characteristics of the current key used for defining genera and tribes prove to be homoplasious.

Molecular phylogenetic, population genetic and demographic studies and Nodularia Nodularia douglasiae breviconcha based CO1 and 16S rRNA

freshwater mussels belonging to the genus Nodularia (Family Unionidae) is known to be widely distributed in East Asia. Although phylogenetic and population genetic studies have been conducted on this species, remains unresolved questions in the taxonomic status and biogeographic distribution channels. Here, the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA CO1 and a newly defined than 86 N. douglasiae and 83 individuals N. breviconcha collected on the Korean Peninsula.

Based on these data, we revealed the following results: (1) N. douglasiae can be divided into three genetic clades A (found only on the Korean Peninsula), B (widely distributed in East Asia), and C (found only in western China and Russian), (2) a clade A is not an independent species but concrete member N. douglasiae given the lack of genetic differences between clades A and B, and (3) N. breviconcha not subspecies N. douglasiae but independent species apart from N. douglasiae. In addition, we suggest plausible scenario events biogeographic distribution and demographic history Nodularia species.

molecular phylogenetics of Lotus (Leguminosae) with an emphasis in tempo and pattern of colonization in the region Macaronesian

With a wide variety of distribution including Europe and Asia, Lotus (Leguminosae) is the largest genus in Loteae. This is especially diverse in the Mediterreanean and the five islands of Macaronesia (the Atlantic Ocean). However, little is known about the relationship between section 14 currently recognized in the Lotus and about the timing and pattern of colonization in the Macaronesian region. In this study, we used the four regions of DNA (ribosomal nuclear ITS plus three regions plastid) in sampling comprehensively most species Lotus to date (some endemic species in the Canary Islands which are under-represented in the phylogenetic analysis before) to infer relationships within this genus and for establishing patterns of colonization in Macaronesia.

Divergence time estimates and habitat reconstruction analysis showed that Lotus possibility diverged about 7.86 Ma of the sister group, but all the events of colonization to occur Macaronesia recently (starting from the latter 0.23 to 2.70 Ma). Diversification Lotus in Macaronesia involved between four and six independent colonization events of the four sections is currently distributed in Africa and Europe.

hsa-let-7e Primers
MPH01010	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f Primers
MPH01011	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g Primers
MPH01012	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i Primers
MPH01013	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

rno-let-7c-5p Primers
MPR00312	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7c-5p Primers
MPM00741	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-3p Primers
MPH02041	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-5p Primers
MPH02042	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7b-3p Primers
MPH02043	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7b-5p Primers
MPH02044	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7d-3p Primers
MPH02047	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7d-5p Primers
MPH02048	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7e-3p Primers
MPH02049	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7e-5p Primers
MPH02050	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-5p Primers
MPH02053	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g-3p Primers
MPH02054	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g-5p Primers
MPH02055	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i-3p Primers
MPH02056	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i-5p Primers
MPH02057	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

rno-let-7c-1-3p Primers
MPR00310	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7c-2-3p Primers
MPR00311	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7c-1-3p Primers
MPM00739	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7c-2-3p Primers
MPM00740	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-1-3p Primers
MPH02051	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-2-3p Primers
MPH02052	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-2-3p Primers
MPH03980	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7c RT-PCR Primer Set
abx096771-1nmol	Abbexa	1 nmol	EUR 343.2

rno-let-7d Primers
MP-r00007	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7a Primers
MP-r00033	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7b Primers
MP-r00034	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7e Primers
MP-r00036	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7f Primers
MP-r00037	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7i Primers
MP-r00038	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7a Primers
MPM00007	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7b Primers
MPM00008	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7d Primers
MPM00010	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7e Primers
MPM00011	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7f Primers
MPM00012	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7g Primers
MPM00013	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7i Primers
MPM00014	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7j Primers
MPM00753	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7k Primers
MPM00754	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-1 Primers
MPH01014	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-7 Primers
MPH01976	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-9 Primers
MPH02015	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-16 Primers
MPH01191	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-17 Primers
MPH01192	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-21 Primers
MPH01259	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-22 Primers
MPH01277	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-24 Primers
MPH01294	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-25 Primers
MPH01295	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-31 Primers
MPH01329	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-32 Primers
MPH01417	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-93 Primers
MPH02022	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-95 Primers
MPH02035	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-96 Primers
MPH02036	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-98 Primers
MPH02037	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-100 Primers
MPH01015	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-101 Primers
MPH01016	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-103 Primers
MPH01017	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-105 Primers
MPH01019	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-107 Primers
MPH01022	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-10a Primers
MPH01023	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-10b Primers
MPH01024	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-122 Primers
MPH01045	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-124 Primers
MPH01060	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-126 Primers
MPH01082	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-128 Primers
MPH01110	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-132 Primers
MPH01144	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-134 Primers
MPH01151	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-136 Primers
MPH01154	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-137 Primers
MPH01155	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-138 Primers
MPH01156	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-141 Primers
MPH01161	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-143 Primers
MPH01164	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-144 Primers
MPH01165	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-145 Primers
MPH01166	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-147 Primers
MPH01172	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-149 Primers
MPH01178	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-150 Primers
MPH01179	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-152 Primers
MPH01182	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-153 Primers
MPH01183	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-154 Primers
MPH01187	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-155 Primers
MPH01188	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-15a Primers
MPH01189	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-15b Primers
MPH01190	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-182 Primers
MPH01197	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-183 Primers
MPH01201	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-184 Primers
MPH01202	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-185 Primers
MPH01203	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-186 Primers
MPH01204	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-187 Primers
MPH01205	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-18a Primers
MPH01208	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-18b Primers
MPH01209	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-190 Primers
MPH01210	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-191 Primers
MPH01214	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-192 Primers
MPH01221	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-194 Primers
MPH01225	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-195 Primers
MPH01226	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-197 Primers
MPH01229	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-198 Primers
MPH01238	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-19a Primers
MPH01242	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-19b Primers
MPH01243	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-202 Primers
MPH01247	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-203 Primers
MPH01248	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-204 Primers
MPH01249	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-205 Primers
MPH01250	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-206 Primers
MPH01254	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-20a Primers
MPH01257	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-20b Primers
MPH01258	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-210 Primers
MPH01260	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-211 Primers
MPH01261	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-212 Primers
MPH01268	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-214 Primers
MPH01269	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-215 Primers
MPH01270	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-218 Primers
MPH01273	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-221 Primers
MPH01281	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-222 Primers
MPH01282	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-223 Primers
MPH01283	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-224 Primers
MPH01284	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23a Primers
MPH01291	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23b Primers
MPH01292	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23c Primers
MPH01293	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-26a Primers
MPH01296	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-26b Primers
MPH01297	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-27a Primers
MPH01298	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-27b Primers
MPH01299	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-297 Primers
MPH01306	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-298 Primers
MPH01307	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29a Primers
MPH01310	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29b Primers
MPH01311	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29c Primers
MPH01312	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-300 Primers
MPH01313	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30a Primers
MPH01324	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30b Primers
MPH01325	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30c Primers
MPH01326	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30d Primers
MPH01327	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30e Primers
MPH01328	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-325 Primers
MPH01431	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-326 Primers
MPH01432	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-328 Primers
MPH01433	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-329 Primers
MPH01434	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-335 Primers
MPH01439	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-33a Primers
MPH01446	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-33b Primers
MPH01447	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-340 Primers
MPH01448	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-345 Primers
MPH01451	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-346 Primers
MPH01452	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-34a Primers
MPH01453	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-34b Primers
MPH01454	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-363 Primers
MPH01486	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-365 Primers
MPH01492	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-367 Primers
MPH01514	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-370 Primers
MPH01545	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-372 Primers
MPH01550	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-373 Primers
MPH01551	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-375 Primers
MPH01555	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-377 Primers
MPH01559	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-378 Primers
MPH01560	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-379 Primers
MPH01563	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-380 Primers
MPH01564	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-381 Primers
MPH01565	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-382 Primers
MPH01566	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-383 Primers
MPH01567	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-384 Primers
MPH01568	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-410 Primers
MPH01606	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-411 Primers
MPH01607	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-412 Primers
MPH01608	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-421 Primers
MPH01609	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-424 Primers
MPH01613	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-425 Primers
MPH01614	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-429 Primers
MPH01654	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-431 Primers
MPH01675	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-432 Primers
MPH01686	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

The main aspects of forming the current distribution of taxa involved in the colonization of the island, especially the new habitat and inter-island colonization habitat are largely the same, with Gran Canaria and Tenerife as a major source of diversification and further colonization events. Pedrosia part is the most diverse in terms of the events of colonization, the number of species and habitat heterogeneity, including events in back-colonization of the continent. Subdivision in Pedrosia radiated into diverse habitats recently (late Pleistocene, ca 0.23 to 0.29 Ma) and additional molecular markers and sampling will be necessary to understand the events of the most latest deployment of this group in the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde.