howler monkey (Alouatta), which comprises between nine and 14 species and ranging from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, is the most widely distributed platyrrhines. Howlers previous phylogenetic studies have used chromosome and morphological characters and a number of molecular markers; However, the branching pattern of conflict between studies or remain unresolved. We do Alouatta new phylogenetic analysis using both concatenated and tree species coalescent-based approach is based on 14 areas of nuclear non-coding intergenic unlinked.

Our taxon sampling including five of seven South American species (Alouatta Caraya, Alouatta belzebul, Alouatta Guariba, Alouatta seniculus, Alouatta sara) and two introduced species of Mesoamerica (Alouatta Pigra, Alouatta palliata). Similarly to previous studies, our phylogeny was supported clade clade Mesoamerica and South America. To howlers South America, both methods of recovering the Atlantic Forest endemic A. Guariba as brothers all remaining South American species, albeit with moderate support. In addition, we did not find support for the sister previously proposed relationship between A. and A. belzebul Guariba. For the first time, a clade consisting of A. sara and A. Caraya identified.

The relationship between other howlers South America, however, is not fully supported. Our estimates of divergence times in Alouatta generally older than the estimate in the previous study. However, they correspond to recent studies suggest Miocene age for the Isthmus of Panama and to lift the northern Andes. Our results also point to an early genetic isolation A. Guariba in the Atlantic Forest, in agreement with the hypothesis of biotic exchange in the rainforests of South America in the Miocene. Collectively, these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the process of diversification between howler monkey species; However, they also indicate that further understanding of the evolutionary history of Alouatta radiation will depend on the expanded taxonomic, geographic, and genomic sampling.

molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of genotypes of Vibrio cholerae in Hillah, Iraq

Vibrio cholerae is a serious cause of endemic diarrhea associated with cholera in many areas of the world. A total of 256 stool and rectal swabs collected from patients suspected of having cholera treated in three hospitals in Hillah, Babylon Governorate, Iraq, for the period from September 1 to December 29, 2017. After a routine culture for the isolation and identification of samples V. cholerae isolates, PCR was performed for molecular detection of V. cholerae isolates by 16S ribosomal RNA gene.

Toxigenicity detected by RTX toxin gene. PCR technique emphasizes the molecular detection of V. cholerae for eight isolates. Only two isolates (25%) is owned rtxA and rtxC gene, while only three isolates (37.5%) owned rtxB gene. DNA sequencing is done for eight isolates through analysis and phylogenetic tree. Variants of bacteria were observed compared to the reference sequence homologous their neighbors using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Server BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi).

The findings indicate that the eight isolates of V. cholerae investigated positioned in three different phylogenetic position. Partial sequence reported dissimilarities between isolates GenBank accession number MK212155.1 and six are clustered GenBank accession numbers of the same species. For the first time in Babylon governorate, Iraq, the molecular test, sequencing and phylogenetic trees were reported for V. cholerae and their toxins isolated during cholera outbreak in 2017.

Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus 2C Vietnam clade originated from dogs revealed new Asia-IV

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a small, single-stranded DNA viruses that cause fatal bleeding enteritis in dogs. Currently, CPV-2 classified as CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c is based on genetic variation in a gene VP2. CPV-2c variant has become ubiquitous throughout the world and attention to monitor the evolution of parvoviral. In this study, we characterized the full-length genome sequences of CPV-2c strain is obtained from 59 dogs in Vietnam.

Molecular analysis revealed that Vietnam CPV-2c share the same evolutionary pattern with the Asian CPV-2 clade, which is characterized by patterns of genetic signatures of structural and non-structural proteins. Moreover, this strain of CPV-2c Vietnam Thr112Ile and Ile447Met exhibited unique mutations in the VP1 and VP2 sequence, respectively. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis showed that the mutation of amino acid residues in both structural and nonstructural genes have contributed to the emergence of a new clade, designated here as the Asian clade-IV. Substitution rate, estimated from the dataset containing 199 sequences during the last 42 years, confirmed that the CPV-2 showed a high degree of nucleotide substitution, approximately 2.49 x 10-4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year (nt / s / y), with VP1 / 2 and NS1 / 2 estimate of 3.06 x 10-4 and 3.16 x 10-4 nt / s / y, respectively.

hsa-let-7d Primers
MPH01009	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f Primers
MPH01011	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g Primers
MPH01012	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i Primers
MPH01013	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

rno-let-7e-3p Primers
MPR00315	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7e-5p Primers
MPR00316	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7e-3p Primers
MPM00744	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7e-5p Primers
MPM00745	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-3p Primers
MPH02041	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-5p Primers
MPH02042	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7b-3p Primers
MPH02043	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7b-5p Primers
MPH02044	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7c-3p Primers
MPH02045	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7c-5p Primers
MPH02046	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7d-3p Primers
MPH02047	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7d-5p Primers
MPH02048	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-5p Primers
MPH02053	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g-3p Primers
MPH02054	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g-5p Primers
MPH02055	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i-3p Primers
MPH02056	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i-5p Primers
MPH02057	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-1-3p Primers
MPH02051	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-2-3p Primers
MPH02052	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-2-3p Primers
MPH03980	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7e RT-PCR Primer Set
abx096773-1nmol	Abbexa	1 nmol	EUR 343.2

rno-let-7d Primers
MP-r00007	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7a Primers
MP-r00033	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7b Primers
MP-r00034	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7c Primers
MP-r00035	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7f Primers
MP-r00037	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

rno-let-7i Primers
MP-r00038	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7a Primers
MPM00007	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7b Primers
MPM00008	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7c Primers
MPM00009	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7d Primers
MPM00010	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7f Primers
MPM00012	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7g Primers
MPM00013	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7i Primers
MPM00014	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7j Primers
MPM00753	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7k Primers
MPM00754	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-1 Primers
MPH01014	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-7 Primers
MPH01976	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-9 Primers
MPH02015	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-16 Primers
MPH01191	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-17 Primers
MPH01192	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-21 Primers
MPH01259	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-22 Primers
MPH01277	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-24 Primers
MPH01294	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-25 Primers
MPH01295	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-31 Primers
MPH01329	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-32 Primers
MPH01417	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-93 Primers
MPH02022	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-95 Primers
MPH02035	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-96 Primers
MPH02036	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-98 Primers
MPH02037	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-100 Primers
MPH01015	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-101 Primers
MPH01016	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-103 Primers
MPH01017	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-105 Primers
MPH01019	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-107 Primers
MPH01022	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-10a Primers
MPH01023	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-10b Primers
MPH01024	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-122 Primers
MPH01045	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-124 Primers
MPH01060	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-126 Primers
MPH01082	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-128 Primers
MPH01110	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-132 Primers
MPH01144	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-134 Primers
MPH01151	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-136 Primers
MPH01154	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-137 Primers
MPH01155	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-138 Primers
MPH01156	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-141 Primers
MPH01161	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-143 Primers
MPH01164	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-144 Primers
MPH01165	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-145 Primers
MPH01166	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-147 Primers
MPH01172	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-149 Primers
MPH01178	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-150 Primers
MPH01179	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-152 Primers
MPH01182	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-153 Primers
MPH01183	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-154 Primers
MPH01187	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-155 Primers
MPH01188	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-15a Primers
MPH01189	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-15b Primers
MPH01190	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-182 Primers
MPH01197	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-183 Primers
MPH01201	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-184 Primers
MPH01202	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-185 Primers
MPH01203	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-186 Primers
MPH01204	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-187 Primers
MPH01205	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-18a Primers
MPH01208	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-18b Primers
MPH01209	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-190 Primers
MPH01210	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-191 Primers
MPH01214	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-192 Primers
MPH01221	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-194 Primers
MPH01225	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-195 Primers
MPH01226	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-197 Primers
MPH01229	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-198 Primers
MPH01238	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-19a Primers
MPH01242	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-19b Primers
MPH01243	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-202 Primers
MPH01247	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-203 Primers
MPH01248	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-204 Primers
MPH01249	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-205 Primers
MPH01250	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-206 Primers
MPH01254	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-20a Primers
MPH01257	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-20b Primers
MPH01258	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-210 Primers
MPH01260	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-211 Primers
MPH01261	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-212 Primers
MPH01268	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-214 Primers
MPH01269	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-215 Primers
MPH01270	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-218 Primers
MPH01273	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-221 Primers
MPH01281	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-222 Primers
MPH01282	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-223 Primers
MPH01283	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-224 Primers
MPH01284	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23a Primers
MPH01291	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23b Primers
MPH01292	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23c Primers
MPH01293	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-26a Primers
MPH01296	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-26b Primers
MPH01297	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-27a Primers
MPH01298	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-27b Primers
MPH01299	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-297 Primers
MPH01306	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-298 Primers
MPH01307	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29a Primers
MPH01310	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29b Primers
MPH01311	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29c Primers
MPH01312	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-300 Primers
MPH01313	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30a Primers
MPH01324	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30b Primers
MPH01325	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30c Primers
MPH01326	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30d Primers
MPH01327	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30e Primers
MPH01328	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-325 Primers
MPH01431	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-326 Primers
MPH01432	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-328 Primers
MPH01433	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-329 Primers
MPH01434	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-335 Primers
MPH01439	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-33a Primers
MPH01446	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-33b Primers
MPH01447	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-340 Primers
MPH01448	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-345 Primers
MPH01451	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-346 Primers
MPH01452	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-34a Primers
MPH01453	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-34b Primers
MPH01454	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-363 Primers
MPH01486	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-365 Primers
MPH01492	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-367 Primers
MPH01514	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-370 Primers
MPH01545	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-372 Primers
MPH01550	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-373 Primers
MPH01551	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-375 Primers
MPH01555	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-377 Primers
MPH01559	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-378 Primers
MPH01560	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-379 Primers
MPH01563	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-380 Primers
MPH01564	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-381 Primers
MPH01565	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-382 Primers
MPH01566	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-383 Primers
MPH01567	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-384 Primers
MPH01568	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-410 Primers
MPH01606	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-411 Primers
MPH01607	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-412 Primers
MPH01608	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-421 Primers
MPH01609	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-424 Primers
MPH01613	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-425 Primers
MPH01614	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-429 Primers
MPH01654	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-431 Primers
MPH01675	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-432 Primers
MPH01686	ABM	150 ul / 10 uM	EUR 145.2

Although there is no evidence of genetic recombination in the strain of CPV-2c Vietnam established, positive selection of potential sites was observed in both structural and non-structural genes, showing the evolution of the virus has occurred in both structural and non-structural proteins. Genetic analysis and evolution of the full-length genome sequences need to gain insight into the evolution of CPV-2.