A Report on Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Anaplasma marginale in Ticks and Blood Samples Collected from Cattle in District Layyah in Punjab (Pakistan)

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by an obligate gram-negative bacteria, Anaplasma (A.) marginale. This study reports on the seasonal prevalence, epidemiology and phylogeny of A. marginale in three breeds of cattle from Layyah district, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 844 blood samples (Cross = 300, Holstein Friesian = 244, Sahiwal breed = 300) of apparently healthy cattle on a seasonal basis along with the epidemiological data collected during May 2018 to April 2019. The polymerase chain reaction resulting 265 base pair amplicons specific to a major surface 1b protein-encoding genes of A. marginale in 8.6% (73/844) of cattle registered.

The highest prevalence was observed during the fall (18.3%) followed by summer (9.7%) and winter (7.1%). Holstein Friesian breed is most susceptible to infection A. marginale (13.1%) followed by Sahiwal (7.6%) and cross-breeding (6%). partial gene sequences amplified representation of A. marginale submitted to GenBank (Accession number MK032842 and MK032843). 37/844 (4.3%) Giemsa stained blood smears found positive for Anaplasma spp. a small number of ticks including Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma excavatum, Cattle Tick, Haemaphysalis punctata identified from cattle but none of them were found positive PCR for the presence of A. marginale. Epidemiological factor analysis revealed that women with cows and farm water supplies from the pool, other dairy farms where animals and dogs live with cattle and dogs have fleas burden on them had a significant association with the prevalence of A. marginale.

It was observed that the white blood cells, lymphocytes (%), monocytes (%) hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentration of living cells on average were significantly impaired in A. marginale-positive than negative cows.

Taxonomy and Molecular phylogenetics of Ensiculiferaceae, fam. November (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae), with consideration of their life history

In the current limitation, Thoracosphaeraceae comprises all dinophytes showed calcification coccoid cells produced during the life of their history. Species hitherto assigned to Ensiculifera and Pentapharsodinium largely based on monadoid life-history stages, while links to coccoid stage (sometimes treated taxonomically different) are not always resolved. We investigate the different stages of life-history and the DNA sequence of the data Ensiculifera mexicana and other species occur in samples collected from around the world.

Based on concatenated ribosomal RNA gene sequences represented Ensiculiferaceae peridinalean different branches, which shows the relationship much to dinophytes other calcareous. Both morphological and molecular data (particularly from coccoid stage) revealed the presence of three distinct clades within Ensiculiferaceae, which may include other dinophytes showing the life-history stages of the parasite. At higher taxonomic levels, Ensiculiferaceae shows the relationship of parasites and endosymbionts (eg, Blastodinium and zooxanthella) and dinophytes save diatom not chloroplasts. These unexpected phylogenetic relationships strengthened by the presence of five plates in all taxa Cingular, which is different from the six plates cingular from most other Thoracosphaeraceae. We here describe Ensiculiferaceae, correct description and Pentapharsodinium Ensiculifera, upright Matsuokaea and give some new combinations at the species level.

A Report on Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Anaplasma marginale in Ticks and Blood Samples Collected from Cattle in District Layyah in Punjab (Pakistan)
A Report on Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Anaplasma marginale in Ticks and Blood Samples Collected from Cattle in District Layyah in Punjab (Pakistan)

Molecule Detection of Potato Virus in Bangladesh and their phylogenetic analysis

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a major food source all over the world including Bangladesh. viral diseases is a major obstacle to sustainable potato production by reducing the quality and quantity. To determine the current status of the eight important potato virus in Bangladesh, tuber samples were collected from three main potato-growing region (Munshiganj, Jessore and Bogra district) in January-February 2017 and February 2018.

The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein coat (CP) -specific primer used to amplify the CP sequence of each virus, and confirmed by sequencing, which is stored in GenBank. The results showed that the samples of tubers were subjected to virus Potato leafroll (PLRV), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY), virus Potato S (PVS), virus Potato H (PVH), Potato Aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV) and potato virus M (PVM) infection, whereas the mixed infections are very common. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PLRV from this study is closely related to Canadian and Chinese isolates, respectively; PVX is closely associated with the Canadian and Chinese isolates, respectively; PVY isolates are closely related to China;

hsa-let-7e Primers

MPH01010 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f Primers

MPH01011 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g Primers

MPH01012 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i Primers

MPH01013 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

rno-let-7b Primers

MP-r00034 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7b Primers

MPM00008 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-3p Primers

MPH02041 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-5p Primers

MPH02042 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7c-3p Primers

MPH02045 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7c-5p Primers

MPH02046 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7d-3p Primers

MPH02047 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7d-5p Primers

MPH02048 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7e-3p Primers

MPH02049 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7e-5p Primers

MPH02050 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-5p Primers

MPH02053 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g-3p Primers

MPH02054 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7g-5p Primers

MPH02055 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i-3p Primers

MPH02056 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7i-5p Primers

MPH02057 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

rno-let-7b-3p Primers

MPR00308 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7b-5p Primers

MPR00309 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7b-3p Primers

MPM00737 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7b-5p Primers

MPM00738 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7a-2-3p Primers

MPH03980 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-1-3p Primers

MPH02051 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7f-2-3p Primers

MPH02052 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-let-7b RT-PCR Primer Set

abx096770-1nmol 1 nmol
EUR 343.2

rno-let-7d Primers

MP-r00007 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7a Primers

MP-r00033 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7c Primers

MP-r00035 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7e Primers

MP-r00036 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7f Primers

MP-r00037 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7i Primers

MP-r00038 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7a Primers

MPM00007 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7c Primers

MPM00009 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7d Primers

MPM00010 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7e Primers

MPM00011 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7f Primers

MPM00012 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7g Primers

MPM00013 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7i Primers

MPM00014 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7j Primers

MPM00753 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7k Primers

MPM00754 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

rno-miR-7b Primers

MP-r00039 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

mmu-miR-7b Primers

MPM00702 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-1 Primers

MPH01014 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-7 Primers

MPH01976 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-9 Primers

MPH02015 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

rno-let-7a-5p Primers

MPR00307 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7c-5p Primers

MPR00312 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7d-3p Primers

MPR00313 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7d-5p Primers

MPR00314 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7e-3p Primers

MPR00315 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7e-5p Primers

MPR00316 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7f-5p Primers

MPR00319 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7g-3p Primers

MPR00320 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7g-5p Primers

MPR00321 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7i-3p Primers

MPR00322 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

rno-let-7i-5p Primers

MPR00323 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 211.2

mmu-let-7a-5p Primers

MPM00736 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7c-5p Primers

MPM00741 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7d-3p Primers

MPM00742 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7d-5p Primers

MPM00743 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7e-3p Primers

MPM00744 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7e-5p Primers

MPM00745 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7f-5p Primers

MPM00748 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7g-3p Primers

MPM00749 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7g-5p Primers

MPM00750 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7i-3p Primers

MPM00751 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

mmu-let-7i-5p Primers

MPM00752 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-16 Primers

MPH01191 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-17 Primers

MPH01192 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-21 Primers

MPH01259 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-22 Primers

MPH01277 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-24 Primers

MPH01294 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-25 Primers

MPH01295 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-31 Primers

MPH01329 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-32 Primers

MPH01417 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-93 Primers

MPH02022 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-95 Primers

MPH02035 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-96 Primers

MPH02036 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-98 Primers

MPH02037 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-100 Primers

MPH01015 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-101 Primers

MPH01016 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-103 Primers

MPH01017 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-105 Primers

MPH01019 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-107 Primers

MPH01022 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-10a Primers

MPH01023 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-10b Primers

MPH01024 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-122 Primers

MPH01045 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-124 Primers

MPH01060 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-126 Primers

MPH01082 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-128 Primers

MPH01110 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-132 Primers

MPH01144 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-134 Primers

MPH01151 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-136 Primers

MPH01154 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-137 Primers

MPH01155 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-138 Primers

MPH01156 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-141 Primers

MPH01161 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-143 Primers

MPH01164 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-144 Primers

MPH01165 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-145 Primers

MPH01166 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-147 Primers

MPH01172 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-149 Primers

MPH01178 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-150 Primers

MPH01179 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-152 Primers

MPH01182 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-153 Primers

MPH01183 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-154 Primers

MPH01187 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-155 Primers

MPH01188 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-15a Primers

MPH01189 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-15b Primers

MPH01190 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-182 Primers

MPH01197 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-183 Primers

MPH01201 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-184 Primers

MPH01202 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-185 Primers

MPH01203 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-186 Primers

MPH01204 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-187 Primers

MPH01205 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-18a Primers

MPH01208 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-18b Primers

MPH01209 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-190 Primers

MPH01210 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-191 Primers

MPH01214 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-192 Primers

MPH01221 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-194 Primers

MPH01225 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-195 Primers

MPH01226 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-197 Primers

MPH01229 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-198 Primers

MPH01238 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-19a Primers

MPH01242 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-19b Primers

MPH01243 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-202 Primers

MPH01247 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-203 Primers

MPH01248 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-204 Primers

MPH01249 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-205 Primers

MPH01250 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-206 Primers

MPH01254 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-20a Primers

MPH01257 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-20b Primers

MPH01258 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-210 Primers

MPH01260 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-211 Primers

MPH01261 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-212 Primers

MPH01268 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-214 Primers

MPH01269 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-215 Primers

MPH01270 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-218 Primers

MPH01273 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-221 Primers

MPH01281 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-222 Primers

MPH01282 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-223 Primers

MPH01283 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-224 Primers

MPH01284 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23a Primers

MPH01291 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23b Primers

MPH01292 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-23c Primers

MPH01293 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-26a Primers

MPH01296 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-26b Primers

MPH01297 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-27a Primers

MPH01298 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-27b Primers

MPH01299 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-297 Primers

MPH01306 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-298 Primers

MPH01307 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29a Primers

MPH01310 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29b Primers

MPH01311 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-29c Primers

MPH01312 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-300 Primers

MPH01313 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30a Primers

MPH01324 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30b Primers

MPH01325 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30c Primers

MPH01326 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30d Primers

MPH01327 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-30e Primers

MPH01328 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-325 Primers

MPH01431 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-326 Primers

MPH01432 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-328 Primers

MPH01433 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-329 Primers

MPH01434 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-335 Primers

MPH01439 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-33a Primers

MPH01446 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-33b Primers

MPH01447 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-340 Primers

MPH01448 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-345 Primers

MPH01451 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-346 Primers

MPH01452 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-34a Primers

MPH01453 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-34b Primers

MPH01454 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

hsa-miR-363 Primers

MPH01486 150 ul / 10 uM
EUR 145.2

PVS is closely related to China and isolate Iran, respectively; PAMV closely related isolates of Canada; PVH is closely related to isolates Huhhot China; and PVM is closely related to India and isolate Iran, respectively. As far as we know, PAMV in this study is the first report in Bangladesh. These findings will provide great scope for the right virus control strategies for the production of virus-free potato in Bangladesh.

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